Metals in Occluded Water: A New Perspective for Pollution in Drinking Water Distribution Systems

Biofilms in drinking water distribution systems

Fungi Occurrence Assessment in Drinking Water Distribution Systems and Its Relationship with Fecal Indicator Bacteria

Introduction: As recommended by World Health Organization, consumption of the fungal contaminated water does not cause to serious infection, but may lead to healthy or aesthetic problems. The aim of this research was to assess the occurrence of fungi in water and its relationship with fecal indicator bacteria. Materials and Methods: 110 water samples were collected from different location of w...

Measurement of Fluoride Concentration in Semnan Drinking Water Distribution

Background: The existence of fluoride ion in potable water has distinctive effects on human health. Fluoride is attracted by positively charged calcium in teeth and bones due to its strong electro-negativity which results in dental, skeletal, and non-skeletal forms of xuorosis and associated health complaints in children as well as adults. Methods: Water samples from groundwater used for dri...

Survey the Nitrate Concentration in Drinking Water Distribution Systems of Kashan County, Iran

High concentration of nitrate is a prevalent problem in water resources. Untreated wastewater due to municipal, industrial and agricultural activities is the main potential source of nitrate contamination of groundwater and surface water. The maximum permissible level of nitrate concentration has been established to be 45 mg/L by WHO and US–EPA. Health problems, such as Methemoglobinemia in bab...

Concentration of Heavy Metals in Drinking Water Sources of Karaj in 2017: A Descriptive Study

Background and Objectives: Heavy metals enter water supply sources in different ways such as natural or artificial and when they enter the food chain and accumulate in tissues, they cause harmful effects on human health. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the concentration of heavy metals in drinking water sources in Karaj and compare it with national standards. Materials and Me...